Protein: Who? What? Where? When? Why? How much?

The three food categories that make up our diet have been through a lot of turmoil. It is almost impossible to set exactly when to eat carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, let alone how much we should be eating. From the Paleo Diet, Dukan Diet, and Atkins, we see protein a lot. Everyone says that a high protein and low carb diet is what everyone should be eating.

In reality, only 10-35% of your daily caloric intake should be protein. That is when you are eating a balanced diet to maintain your weight. What if you are trying to lose weight? What if you are trying to build muscle? Diets become very complicated very fast. Here are the basics of what you need to know about protein in order to eat a balanced diet.

*NOTE: If your doctor/dietitian has told you otherwise, please use their opinion over mine. This is for healthy adults, so those who may have had surgery or other health problems may not be able to follow this.

Who is protein for? Protein is for everyone. We need it to survive.

What is protein? Proteins are a biochemical compound made up of polypeptides that are folded up into globular forms. A single polypeptide is made from a chain of amino acids that kind of act as DNA links: the order they are in determine what kind of protein that polypeptide will form into when it interacts with other polypeptides.

Where do we get protein from? Protein comes from meat, poultry, egg whites, beans, and quinoa. Other things like vegetables and nuts also have a bit of protein, but it isn't a complete protein.

When do we need to eat protein? The thing about protein is that you can eat it at every meal. When trying to maintain weight, protein can be eaten with any meal as long as it is only 10-35% of your daily caloric intake. When losing weight, protein is essential because it takes the body more energy (AKA calories) to digest it. Therefore, protein should be present in every meal and snack.

Why do we need protein? Your body needs proteins so that it can build new cells, maintain tissues, and make new proteins needed for specific basic bodily functions. For example, hemoglobin is a protein your red blood cells need so that your body can carry oxygen throughout itself.

How much protein do we need? Again, the recommendation is 10-35% of your daily caloric intake. If you are losing weight, one gram of protein per pound you weigh is more than enough to keep you going. Make sure you do not go over that amount because there is such a thing as too much protein.

Pre/Post Workout Meals

As more people start getting interested in nutrition and fitness, more people get confused on what exactly they should be eating every meal. The talk about pre- and post-workout meals has become really confusing for some. So here it is, simplified:

Pre-workout Meal

This meal is the meal eaten BEFORE a workout. It supplies your body with the nutrition needed to ensure optimal performance during the workout. There are 3 things you need to do to ensure optimal performance. First, you need to reduce muscle glycogen depletion. Second, you need to reduce muscle protein breakdown. Thirdly, you need to post workout cortisol levels. You are probably thinking that is too much science for me. BUT it is really easy to do these three things. All you need to do is provide your body with two things:

1. Carbohydrates
2. Proteins

All you need in your pre-workout meal is that: carbs and proteins. As long as you provide your body with that, you are on the right track. If you want to get specific, you need approximately a quarter of your body weight in each IN GRAMS. You can either have it in solid form 60-90 minutes before your workout, or you can have it in liquid form (like a protein shake) 30 minutes before your workout.

Post-workout Meal

This is the meal eaten AFTER a workout. It supplies your body with the right nutrition to aid in repairing, rebuilding, and recovering. You need to accomplish a few more than 3 things with this meal. You need to:

• replenish the muscle glycogen that was lost
• reduce the muscle protein breakdown
• increase muscle protein synthesis
• reduce muscle soreness and fatigue
• greatly enhance overall recovery
• reduce cortisol levels

It is exactly the same, though. To provide all of this to your body you need to give it 2 things:

1. Carbohydrates
2. Proteins

It is that simple. This meal should be eaten within the hour after your workout to ensure proper nutrient intake. Again, if you want to be more specific you need about a quarter of your body weight in each but you can up the carbohydrates to about half of your body weight in grams.

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